For Penny...

Two amateur French wine makers have died after they were suffocated by the fumes from the grapes they were treading with their bare feet.The victims had volunteered to help a friend make wine at his vineyard in the northern Ardeche region and had climbed into the six-foot wide vat to begin the traditional process of extracting the juice from the grapes. But police believe Daniel Moulin, 48, and 50-year-old Gerard Dachis were overcome by carbon dioxide fumes that are given off during fermentation and collapsed.Rescuers tried frantically to revive the pair but in spite of resuscitation efforts the two men did not regain conciousness.The owner of the small estate - who makes wine every year for himself and friends - and another pal who were also helping in the process were later treated in hospital for inhalation of carbonic gas in the poorly-ventilated farm building. Carbon dioxide is formed during the alcoholic fermentation of the grapes. Because it is 1.5 times heavier than air it sinks to floor level - the bottom of wine vats or in wine cellars. The gas is odourless and colourless, meaning that ventilation and carbon dioxide testing during the wine-making process can become life-saving. A concentration of just eight per cent is enough to kill a human being.